TB-500

Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-OH

Key Benefits

Heart Damage Repair

Modulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics, which enhances myocardial cell migration and survival, and upregulates angiogenic factors like VEGF, critical for neovascularization and reparative tissue remodeling in the heart following ischemic damage.

Scar Formation

Reduction

Promotes tissue regeneration by keratinocyte and endothelial cell migration, modulating the extracellular matrix through actin reorganization, and influencing the balance of metalloproteinases and cytokines, thereby enhancing granulation tissue formation and reducing scars.

Muscle & Tendon Regeneration

Stimulates actin polymerization, which facilitates myoblast differentiation and proliferation, enhances fibroblast activity for collagen deposition, and promotes cellular alignment and tissue organization.

Blood

Vessel

Restoration

Enhances endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and modulates the cytoskeletal architecture, leading to the formation and stabilization of new vascular networks in damaged tissues.

Biologic Description

TB-500, a fragment of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), initially isolated from bovine thymus tissues in 1981, has been at the forefront of molecular and regenerative medicine research. Its primary structure consists of a linear chain of 42 amino acids, exhibiting a high degree of sequence homology with naturally occurring Tβ4. This peptide has drawn significant attention for its potential role in promoting cellular repair, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration, primarily through its interaction with the G-actin monomer.

At the molecular level, TB-500 modulates actin polymerization, a critical process in cell structure and motility. By binding to actin, it plays a pivotal role in actin's sequestration and polymerization dynamics, facilitating cellular migration and morphogenesis, essential in tissue repair and regeneration. This interaction is particularly crucial in the context of connective tissue healing, where the reorganization of the cytoskeleton is necessary for cellular migration and extracellular matrix remodeling.

As far as wound healing and tissue repair, TB-500 exhibits a multi-faceted mechanism of action. It promotes endothelial and keratinocyte migration, enhances angiogenesis, and mediates the upregulation of metalloproteinases and downregulation of inflammatory mediators. These actions collectively contribute to improved wound healing dynamics, characterized by enhanced tissue granulation and reduced fibrosis.

In the cardiovascular system, TB-500's role extends to cardioprotective effects. It has been observed to support cardiac muscle cell migration and survival, integral to myocardial repair following ischemic injuries. This is attributed to its ability to upregulate factors such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), crucial for neovascularization and improved blood supply to the damaged cardiac tissue.

Musculoskeletal applications of TB-500 have shown promise in skeletal muscle repair. By modulating actin dynamics, it aids in myocyte proliferation and differentiation, essential for muscle fiber regeneration. This property is particularly advantageous in scenarios of muscle atrophy or injury, where rapid restoration of muscle tissue integrity is desired.

Moreover, in animal models, TB-500 has demonstrated additional systemic effects, such as improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, potentially linked to its influence on cellular metabolism and inflammatory pathways.

However, despite these promising in vitro and animal model results, human clinical data remains limited. The studies conducted in humans, including those targeting venous ulcers and severe dry eye syndrome, have shown encouraging outcomes like expedited healing processes and reduced symptoms. Yet, comprehensive clinical trials are required to substantiate these findings and fully elucidate the therapeutic spectrum and safety profile of TB-500 in human pathology.

Dosage Guidelines

In existing scientific and clinical research, the frequently observed dosage range for TB-500 is between 2 to 5 mg, typically given twice a week for a period ranging from 4 to 8 weeks, based on the specifics of the study. Some practitioners prefer starting with a higher dose for the first 1 to 2 weeks, and then continue with a maintenance dose that is half of the initial dose for the following 2 to 6 weeks.

2-5mg

Twice a Week

4-8 Weeks

Side Effects

Overall, current research suggests that TB-500, when given at sensible doses, shows few to no side effects in study subjects.

In a 2010 study, 40 healthy adults participated in a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the safety of synthetic thymosin-beta 4. This research revealed that healthy adults could tolerate intravenous doses of Tbeta4 ranging from 42 to 1,260 mg, indicating a low risk of toxicity. It's important to note that the dosages used for TB-500 in other contexts would likely be much lower.

The study did record some adverse events, but these were infrequent and generally mild to moderate in severity. This study's design was meticulous, focusing exclusively on healthy individuals.

Despite these encouraging results, it's crucial to handle TB-500 with extreme care, limiting its use to qualified researchers. It should not be used for self-experimentation or recreational purposes under any circumstances.

References:

Thymosin β4 protein therapy for cardiac repair
Published: 2012-01-31
This review focuses on the role of thymosin β4 in cardiac repair, including cardioprotection, neovascularization, tissue regeneration, and inflammation control. It represents a shift in regenerative medicine towards protein-based therapies.

The regenerative peptide thymosin β4 accelerates the rate of dermal healing in preclinical animal models and in patients
Published: 2012-10-01
This study demonstrates how thymosin β4 promotes dermal repair. It has been shown to accelerate healing in various animal models and human clinical trials, indicating its potential in treating chronic nonhealing cutaneous wounds.

The potential use and abuse of thymosin β-4 in sport and exercise science

Published: 2013-05-01

This paper discusses the challenges in identifying substances with legitimate clinical benefits that may also be misused in sports for performance enhancement. Thymosin β-4 is highlighted as a substance with potential for tissue repair and regeneration but also raises concerns regarding its misuse in sports.

Cloning, Expression and Effects of P. americana Thymosin on Wound Healing (PDF)

Published: 2019-10-01
This research investigates the role of Pa-THYs (a variant of thymosin) from the American cockroach in wound healing. The study finds that Pa-THYs promote fibroblast migration and effectively stimulate dermal tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition in a mouse model.

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